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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1649 | - 1649: Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1649-1658. Commonwealth & Protectorate.
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| 2 | 1650 | - 1650: Otto von Guericke invents a air pump.
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| 3 | 1656 | - 1656: Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock.
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| 4 | 1658 | - 1658: Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1658-1659. Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659.
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| 5 | 1660 | - 1660: Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region.
- 1660: Charles II. Ruler of England 1660-1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649.
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| 6 | 1663 | - 1663: James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope.
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| 7 | 1668 | - 1668: Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope.
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| 8 | 1670 | - 1670: The first reference to a candy cane is made.
- 1670: Dom Pérignon invents Champagne.
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| 9 | 1671 | - 1671: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine.
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| 10 | 1675 | - 1675: Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch.
- 1675: King Philip's War: New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians 1675-1676.
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| 11 | 1676 | - 1676: Robert Hooke invents the universal joint.
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| 12 | 1679 | - 1679: Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker.
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| 13 | 1685 | - 1685: James II. Ruler of England 1685-1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.
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| 14 | 1689 | - 1689: King William's War: English Colonies vs France 1689-1697.
- 1689: William III and Mary II. Rulers of England 1689-1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
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| 15 | 1698 | - 1698: Englishman, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump.
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| 16 | 1701 | - 1701: Jethro Tull invents the seed drill.
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| 17 | 1702 | - 1702: Queen Anne's War: English Colonies vs France 1702-1713.
- 1702: Anne. Ruler of England 1702-1714. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs.
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| 18 | 1709 | - 1709: Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano.
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| 19 | 1711 | - 1711: Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork.
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| 20 | 1712 | - 1712: Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine.
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1649 - 1713 (63 years)